DISBIOSE DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL E DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21116/is.v1i1.954Palavras-chave:
Microbiota intestinal, Doença de Alzheimer, NeuroinflamaçãoResumo
Resumo: Esta revisão integrativa teve por objetivo verificar as associações possíveis entre disbiose intestinal e Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Foi realizada busca sistematizada nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, PubMed e Scielo, com os termos Alzheimer’s disease, Gut microbiota e Neuroinflammation. A patogênese da DA apresenta alta relação com a imunidade. Os pacientes com DA têm diferenças significativas na taxonomia microbiana intestinal, com diminuição de inúmeras bactérias Gram-positivas, e aumento de várias Gram-negativas. Dentre os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese estão: liberação de moduladores inflamatórios, proteína beta-amilóide (Aβ) e outras substâncias neurotóxicas, que induzem a neuroinflamação; aumento da permeabilidade das membranas no trato gastrointestinal e na barreira hematoencefálica, facilitando o aumento da agregação Aβ e lipopolissacarídeos, redução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (SCFAs) e baixos níveis de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA); excitotoxicidade do glutamato associada à neurodegeneração tardia; diferença nos níveis de aminoácidos e SCFAs, associando o APOE4 à DA. Conclui-se que os principais mecanismos de associação entre disbiose e DA envolvem acumulado de Aβ e emaranhados neurofibrilares, astrogliose associada à ativação microglial, neuroinflamação, estresse oxidativo e lesão de neurônios colinérgicos. E, apesar da disbiose ser associada a fatores genéticos, tem aumentado o número de estudos relacionando-a a fatores comportamentais como dieta, uso excessivo de antibióticos e disfunções metabólicas passíveis de controle.
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