Aspects of artificial insemination in canine females

Abstract

The pet market has been growing in Brazil, becoming the second largest country in the world, according to the Brazilian Association of Pet Products Industry in a survey conducted in 2013. This growth generates researches and opportunities in many areas, including the interest in dog and cat reproduction. The aim of this paper is to discuss the aspects of artificial insemination (AI) in the canine species, such as anatomy, physiology and artificial insemination (AI) methods, investigating a practical way to know the best form and moment for its accomplishment. Therefore, knowledge of the dogs reproductive system is fundamental. At first, it’s necessary to recognize the stage of the estrus cycle of the dog, observing it’s behavior and/or carrying out complementary tests such as vaginal cytology in order to identify the vaginal epithelium, to determine the best moment for the AI procedure. In adition, andrological examination of the candidates for semen collection must be carried out to select the best material to be used. The AI performance depends on several factors, such as correct estrus detection, semen quality, choice of AI method and performance by a qualified professional. In order to get good results, it’s important the availability of a trained person to follow and perform the procedure and materials, such as microscope and laboratory support. This operation must be supported by specialized locals as clinics, surgical centers or kennels with a suitable environment. The use of this technique has grown in recent years, creating opportunities for veterinary. Applying this technique in the correct way, it’s expected to get the goals of the tutor, that means a litter with a satisfactory number of healthy puppies. After the procedure, the female must be followed from the gestational diagnosis until the born, to check the viability of fetuses and possible abortions occurrences. It’s important reinforce current techniques and acquire knowledge to improve and get better results.